GMC Busts Pickup Aero Myths

2014 Sierra Improves With Wind Tunnel Time

 

2014 Silverado_BS23489

The new 2014 Sierra full-size pickup truck spent more development time in a wind tunnel than any GMC pickup before it, resulting in design changes that benefit both fuel efficiency and interior quietness.

To achieve improved airflow, aerodynamic engineers like Diane Bloch examined every millimeter of the truck to find areas of improvement, debunking some popular myths along the way.

2014 GMC Sierra SLE

To study the way air passes over, under and around the Sierra, engineers used, a 750-foot-long tunnel through which a 43-foot-diameter fan generates winds of up to 138 mph.

“We can’t stop air; we can only guide it through the path of least resistance,” said Bloch, GM aerodynamic performance engineer. “The biggest misconception is that it’s all about single components. But a particular side mirror design doesn’t create a certain amount of drag, its interaction with the rest of the vehicle does.”

For example, a new air dam below the Sierra’s front bumper reduces drag because it directs air toward the ground and away from the rough underbody. And Sierra’s ducted flow path between the grille and radiator prevents air from swirling inside the truck’s front cavities.

Even the top of the Sierra’s tailgate and the center high-mounted stop light are optimized to guide air cleanly around the truck. And because Bloch’s team detected unwanted airflow between the cab and bed, new sealing has been added.

“We discovered that in the computational analysis we perform,” said Bloch. “The most harmful air between the cab and bed was coming over the cab and down through the gap, so we paid the most attention to that specific area.”

The pickup market has a great number of available aftermarket accessories, and Bloch says those have varying impact on aerodynamics.  Add-ons such as bug deflectors on the hood, wider tires or aftermarket bumpers can raise the drag coefficient, resulting in more noise and increased fuel consumption.

Tailgate Up or Down?

A long-disputed topic among truck owners is whether a tai2014 GMC Sierra SLElgate raised or lowered is better for aerodynamics, but Bloch says a tailgate in the up position is more aerodynamically efficient. As air flows over the truck, it falls over the cab and pushes forward on the rear of the truck. With the tailgate down, the benefits of that airflow are diminished.

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“Replacing the tailgate with an aftermarket net is worse than having no tailgate at all,” Bloch said. “Imagine dragging a solid object and a fishing net through water. The net is going to require more muscle.”

However, some accessories can improve aerodynamics. Tonneau covers for the bed help smooth airflow over the truck, and Bloch says soft covers are more beneficial than hard covers because they form to how the air wants to flow. Running boards can also help air flow smoothly down the truck’s sides.

“Round, tube-style running boards can provide a minor improvement to the truck’s drag coefficient,” said Bloch, “Fully integrated, flush-mount running boards are even better.”